One-Page Learn · The Halachos at a glance
קָרְבַּן פֶּסַח · חֲגִיגָה
Paschal Offering 9-10 · Festival Offering 1
Sefer Korbanot · One house and one company, a bone that may not be broken even after the offering is ruined, and a festival that closes without a second date
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Company the Paschal offering may be eaten in
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Bones of a pure Paschal offering that may be broken
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Commandments on each pilgrimage festival
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Silver me'ah, the rabbinic floor for a festive peace offering
KP 9One house, one company, and where the house ends
- Eaten in one company, and carrying out follows Shabbat. It may be eaten only in a single company; one who carries an olive-sized portion from one company to another on the night of the fifteenth is liable for lashes, and because the verse uses the language of hotza'ah, liability requires lifting the meat from its place and setting it down outside. (9:1)
- The doorframe counts as outside; the windows count as inside. From the doorframe inward is the house and from the doorframe outward is not, while the doorframe itself, the width of the entrance, is reckoned as outside; the windows and the thickness of the walls are inside, and roofs and lofts are not part of the house at all. (9:1)
- No removal after a removal. Once the first person carried the meat out it is already disqualified, so a second person who carries it further is not liable; the meat itself becomes forbidden like sacrificial meat taken past its boundary, and one who eats it is liable for lashes. (9:1, 9:2)
- Two companies in one house need a partition. Each company delineates its area and turns its faces away from the other so they do not appear intermingled; the attendant crossing to the water must shut his mouth and turn from his company until he returns, and a bride may turn her face away to eat because she is embarrassed to eat in their presence. (9:3, 9:4)
- Who may not be given a portion. Giving an olive-sized portion to an apostate, a resident alien, or a gentile laborer violates a negative commandment without lashes; an uncircumcised man who eats an olive's worth is liable for lashes, though he may be given matzah and bitter herbs. (9:7, 9:8)
RememberThe wall is inside and the doorway cut through that same wall is outside, because a doorway is not masonry, it is a boundary.
KP 10The unbroken bone, and the offering brought beside it
- Breaking a bone brings lashes, and only in a pure offering. One who breaks a bone of a pure Paschal offering is liable for lashes whether on the fourteenth, the night of the fifteenth, or days later; when the offering was brought in a state of impurity there are no lashes, and the bones are burnt with the leftover meat. (10:1, 10:2)
- Only a bone with an olive of meat or with marrow. A bone bearing an olive-sized portion of meat or containing marrow carries liability, and one who breaks such a bone at a bare spot is still liable; breaking an already broken bone brings lashes again, while burning bones or cutting sinews does not. (10:3, 10:4, 10:5)
- Disqualified yes, never valid no. The prohibition still applies to an offering that was disqualified after being acceptable, including one carried out of the house where it was eaten; but where the offering was never acceptable at any moment, such as piggul or a disqualifying intent as to time or type, the prohibition against breaking its bones does not apply at all. (10:6)
- The festive offering of the fourteenth. A peace offering from cattle or sheep is brought with the first Paschal offering, called the chagigah of the fourteenth; it is voluntary rather than obligatory, and it is not brought when the fourteenth falls on Shabbat, when the Pesach is offered in impurity, or when there is ample Paschal meat. (10:12, 10:13)
- First Pesach against second Pesach. The first forbids chametz, requires Hallel at the meal, forbids removing the meat from the company, and brings a chagigah with it; the second permits chametz and matzah at home, has no Hallel at the meal, no chagigah, may be taken from the company, and may not be brought in impurity. (10:15)
RememberA lamb valid for one hour keeps its bones protected forever; a lamb never valid for an instant was never protected at all.
CH 1Appearing, offering, rejoicing, and the day that does not come back
- Three commandments on each festival. To appear before God with a burnt offering, to bring a festive peace offering, and to rejoice with celebratory peace offerings; women are exempt from the first two and obligated in rejoicing, and one who enters the Courtyard on the first day without a burnt offering violates the prohibition against appearing empty handed, without lashes, since he performed no deed. (1:1)
- Rabbinic floors on a Scriptural freedom. Scripturally there is no fixed measure, each man according to what he gives; the Sages fixed no less than one silver me'ah for the burnt offering of appearance and two silver me'ah for the festive peace offering, with no minimum at all on the offerings of rejoicing. (1:2, 1:3)
- Bring the animal or bring silver, never goods. One who ascends must carry the sacrificial animal or the silver to buy it, and even a man holding merchandise worth several gold pieces may not ascend without silver, lest he fail to sell it or receive flawed coin. (1:3)
- Seven days of compensation, then nothing. Offerings missed on the first day may be brought on the remaining days of the festival, on the eighth day of Sukkot, or during the six days after Shavuot, and one who delays is deserving of reproach; but if the festival passed he is no longer obligated at all, and of this it is said, a wrong that cannot be righted. (1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7)
- They override the festival, not Shabbat or impurity. Having no fixed time, these offerings do not supersede Shabbat or the restrictions of impurity, yet they are offered on a festival day, unlike vows and pledges, because they are obligations; heirs must bring a burnt offering of appearance that the deceased had set aside. (1:8, 1:10)
RememberThe second Pesach exists for the man who was kept away; the festival offering has no second date for the man who came and brought nothing.